At left, ions being lost from the confined plasma and following the magnetic field lines to the material diverter plates in the gyrokinetic simulation code XGC1. At right, an XGC1 simulation of edge turbulence in DIII-D plasma, showing the plasma turbulence changing the eddy structure to isolated blobs (represented by red color) in the vicinity of the magnetic separatrix (black line). (Image: Kwan-Liu Ma’s research group, University of California Davis; David Pugmire and Adam Malin, Oak Ridge National Laboratory)